Vojvodina water supply conceptual design

The water supply state has been analyzed in 45 municipalities with 52 cities and 316 villages of Vojvodina, included in the municipal water supply, whether supplied from central waterworks or micro water supply systems. Water intake structures on the territory of Vojvodina are usually drilled tube verical wells, less frequent are dug wells, horizontal drain wells and water source intakes. Grounwater is taken from all aquifers ( the "first" aquuifer, "first" aquifer and basal water-bearing unit, water bearing unit and water-bearing Pliocene media, water-bearing pliocene media and aquifers formed in Preneogaean structures). Total number of wells is about 1750. Water from 18 sources is tapped for the needs of public water supply. Total grounwater exploitation on the territory of Vojvodina for the public water supply is about Q¨ 6630 l/s. The following table shows the groundwater exploitation distribution by water-bearing media (Table 1, Fig 1)

Table 1. Groundwater Exploitation for Public Water Supply on Vojvodina Territory in 1998.

	Aquifer I	I and Basal Aquifer	Basal Aquifer	Basal Aquifer and Pl	Pl	preneogaean structures
No. of Wells	112+9 springs	18	1188	27	399	4+9 springs
Q (l/s)	1620	254	3720	94	919	21

The water supply systems in Vojvodina (centralized, and micro water supply communities) which supply the potable water to population and economy, tap about Q=5870 l/s of groundwater. This quantity of tapped water supplies about 1.989.000 inhbitants, as well as the economy connected to water supply systems. Average groundwater exploitation distribution by water-bearing media is given in Table 2 and Fig. 2.

Figure 1. Exploatation participation percentage by water-bearing areas of intake for Vojvodina territory municipal water supply - 1998.

Table 2: Groundwater Exploitation for Population and Economy Connected to Water System Supply in 1998 on Vojvodina Territory

	Aquifer I	I and Basal Aquifer	Basal Aquifer	Basal Aquifer and Pl	Pl	preneogaean structures
No of Inhabitants	306260	73455	1126504	45966	430364	5930
Q (l/s)	1592	254	3074	94	833	21

Figure 2: Participation of Tapped Aquifers in Potable Water Supply According to Number of Inhabitants on the Territory of Vojvodina

"Deep" water bearing layers, practicaly protected from the terrain surface pollution., are tapped in most of the Vojvodina water sources.

Eventual groundwater pollution hazard is related to the terrain surface pollution probability. Eventual pollution of such type is related to the areas where groundwater is tapped from the water-bearing layers in direct contact (hydraulic connection), with the terrain surface. The undertaken field monitoring actions have shown that such possibility exists at water sources for public water supply in the following settlements: Bezdan, Bački Manastir, Bački Breg, Sombor, Kupusina, Apatin, Sonta, Srpski Miletić, Bogojevo,Vajska, Novi Sad, Titel, Knićani, Pančevo, Banatski Brestovac, Kovin, Malo Bavanište, Dubovac, as well at all water sources where the "first" aquifer water is tapped for municipal water supply. The deserted "deep" wells, not adequatly closed (blinded), represent a special kind of water pollution hazard, at public water supply sources as well as at the sources owned by the economy or private subjects .

The Vojvodina water treatment plants are situated close to the water sources of the following settlements: Subotica, Senta, Bezdan, Apatin, Bačka Palanka, Novi Sad, Pančevo, Kovin, Titel, Ruma and Sremska Mitrovica. The plants are designed for the raw water purification by the iron, manganese and ammonia content decerease. The groundwater treatment plant in Subotica represents an exception since it, beside the mentioned treatment, provides for the arsenic concentration decrease as well. Field minitoring actions proved that these plants operation is satifactory.

Figure 3. Necessary drinking water treatment

Figure 4. Nivoi pozemnih voda u okviru osnovnog vodonosnog kompleksa - 1998. godina

Figure 5. Cross section 6-6'

According to the forecast for the design perid end (2030), the total necessary quantity of water for the territory of Vojvodina, to be provided from all water-bearing media, will amount about 11m3/s. New water sources must be formed in the Danube and the Sava riparian zone, to provide for these quantities. The space for new water sources formation is limited, and conditioned by hydrogeological terrain characteristics. At the other hand, this space is of interest for other activities, as well. It is therefore necessary to find a solution for tapping as much water as possible on the space as small as possible, provading for water pollution control as well. This condition could be satisfied only by forming infiltration type water sources.

Figure 6. Recent quaternary water-bearing media and basal water-bearing unit position in West and East Srem

The abundant data anlysis, as well as research and investigations performed by the Jaroslav Cerni Institute experts, show that hydrogeologic and hydrodynamic conditions for regional water sources with infiltration basins formation, exist in seven riparian sectors on the territory of Vojvodina:

Danube Riparian Zone

	Bezdan-Bogojevo Sector
	Kovin-Dubovac Sector
	Left riparian zone downstream from Novi Sad

Sava Riparian Zone

	Jamena-Kurjakovac Sector
	Jurak-Grabovac Sector

Tisa and Danube Riparian Zone

Knićani-Čenta Sector

The wider area of Potpornje represents a possible water source area, out of river flows riparian zone.

Institute for the development of water resources "Jaroslav Černi", 2001.